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Outline of a baby crawling.

   

Glossary of
Assessment Terminology

| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

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Building Blocks

A-
    Action
It is being in a state of motion with organized patterns of behavior.
    Active Alert
The considerable motor activity, including thrusting of the arms and legs; the baby often responds to stimuli with more movement; brief "fussy" periods may be noted.
    Adaptive Behavior
The effectiveness of the individual in adjusting to the natural and social demands of the environment; may be reflected in maturation, learning, or social development.
    Adaptive Behavior Measure
It is an instrument designed to assess acquisition of developmental and social skills including coping behaviors, sensory processing, motor control, psychological functions and social-emotional factors.
    Adaptive Response
It is an appropriate action in which the individual responds successfully to some environmental demand; adaptive responses further the sensory integrative process.
    Affect
The feeling, emotion, mood, and temperment associated with a thought.
    Affective Monitoring
The monitoring of experiences as pleasurable or not pleasurable.
    Anticipatory Guidance
It is an approach that emphasizes discussing with a caregiver the next step or phase or a child's development before it occurs.
    Aspiration
The entrance of material (e.g., food, saliva) into the trachea or airway below the level of the true vocal cords.
    Assessment
Is the identification of priorities, resources, and concerns of families regarding their infants/children abilities, behaviors or skills.
    Assessment
It is an ongoing process designed to collect information regarding a child's level of functioning, and define program outcomes and strategies.

B-
    Babbling
It is the repetition of phonemes, such as ba, ba, ba, da, da, etc.
    Behavior Checklist
It is an instrument designed to measure a child's basic behavioral characteristics including social and object orientation, participation, motivation, endurance, communication, consolability, activity, reactivity, goal directedness, frustration, attention span, responsiveness, and general tone.

C-
    Cause-Effect
It is a problem solving skill that reflects how things happen and understanding of how things work.
    Clinical Opinion
It is an informed opinion from a qualified and trained professional.
    Communication
It is any meands by which an individual relates experiences, ideas, knowledge, and feelings to another; includes speech, sign language, gestures, writing.
    Constructive Play
It is when a child learns the use of play materials and attempts to create something with them.
    Contingent Interaction
It is an adult response that is directly related to a child's behavior.
    Cooperative Play
It is when a child plays in an organized group that share a common goal; the efforts of one child are supplemented by the other children.
    Coping
The process of making adaptations in order to meet personal needs and respond to the demands of the environment.
    Coping Style
It is an individual's characteristic way of behaving in situations viewed as threatening or challenging to one's sense of well being.
    Criterion-Referenced
It is a type of test that measures a person's level of mastery in a particular skill area without comparing him/her to others.
    Crying Alert
It is when an infant is crying intensely; difficult to break through the crying with any stimulus.
D-
    Deep Sleep
It is when the baby is asleep and has a regular respiratory pattern; the eyes are closed with no eye movements; there is no spontaneous activity; though jerks or startles may be seen; responses to external stimuli are delayed.
    Developmental Age
The age at which at child is functioning (demonstrating specific abilities), based on assessment of the child's skills and comparison of those skills to the age at which they are considered typical.
    Diagnosis
It is process designed to confirm or disconfirm the existence of a problem and describe the nature of the problem.
    Diagnostic Evaluation
It is an in-depth process used by an interdisciplinary team used to detect a developmental problem, describe the level of functioning in all developmental areas, and to identify the type of problem (for example, mental retardation, autism, cerebral palsy) and (if possible) the cause.
    Dramatic Play
It is when a child engages in role-playing and pretends to be someone, or something else using real or imagined objects.
    Drowsy or Semi-Dozing
The eyes are open but dull and heavy-lidded or closed with eyelids fluttering; infant may look dazed and "unavailable"; activity level is variable, though movements are generally smooth with mild startles; frequent state changes can be seen with stimulation.
E-
    Evaluation
It is a process in which a variety of methods are used to determine if a child is eligible for services including determination of present levels of functioning in each developmental area.

F-
    Failure to Thrive
It is a condition characterized by low weight/slow weight gain that is below expectations set by the standard growth chart, caused by physical and/or psychosocial factors.
    Functional Play
It is when a child repeats or initiates actions; simple and repetitive muscular activities.
G-
    Gesture
The child's use of hands/body to express thought and intent prior to the consistent use of spoken language.
    Goal-Directed Behavior
It is an activity with purposeful, sequenced events in order to achieve a specific outcome.
    Gravitational Insecurity
It is an unusual degree of anxiety or fear in response to movement or change in head position, related to poor processing of vestibular and proprioceptive.
    Group Play/Associative Play
It is when a child plays with other children; they are all engaged in similar if not identical activity.
H-
    Homeostasis
It is a biological term that refers to a state of balance within a system.
I-
   No terms available for this letter.
  
J-
    Jargon
Strings of unintelligible speech sounds with the intonational pattern of adult speech.
    Joint (Shared) Reference
A process of differentiating or noting a particular object, action, or event for the purpose of communication.
    Joint Attention
A child or caregiver focused on the same object, toy, activity, etc. at the same time.
K-
    Kinesthesia
A muscle sense that provides body awareness of movement and body position in relation to one's environment.
L-
    Language Comprehension
The child's understanding of verbal language with and without linguistic cues.
    Language Expression
The child's use of nonverbal, preverbal and verbal behaviors to communicate with others to convey thoughts, feelings and ideas.
    Learning Style
The way in which an individual best acquires knowledge or processes information.
    Level of Arousal
A neurophysiological term used to describe the state of the human nervous system that occurs on a continuum from sleeping to awake; it incorporates both affective and physical components and is an important foundation for learning, performance and behavior.
    Light Sleep
The eyes are closed, though rapid eye movements may be noted beneath closed eyelids, and occasionally eye may open briefly; low-level motor activity present, with movements quite random; respirations frequently irregular and sucking movements may be seen.
M-
    Means-End
A problem solving skill; how a child uses an an action or "means" to achieve a goal or the "end".
    Modulation
The brain's regulation of its own activity; involves facilitating some neural messages to maximize a response and inhibiting other messages to reduce irrelevant activity.
    Muscle Tone
It is a muscle's level of tension while at rest or in reaction to movement; reflects the condition of the muscle and the nerves that supply it; can be high, low, normal or a combination of levels.
    Mutual Co-Regulation
The process that occurs during caregiver--child interactions in which each member both influences the experience and is influenced by the dynamics of the interaction, which in turn impacts self-regulation capacities.
    Mutual Gaze
It is eye contact with a communication partner, used to signal intensified attention.
N-
    Norm-Referenced
It is a type of test which compares a person's results with others of the same age to show his or her relative standing on the items tested.
O-
    Object Permanence
The concept that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.
    Oral Defensiveness
It is a unique pattern of avoidance of certain textures of food soft slimy foods, rough textures, etc. and irritation with activities using the mouth in general.
    Otitis Media
It is an inflammation of the middle ear usually caused by upper respiratory infections that can cause hearing loss if chronic.
P-
    Parallel Play
It is when the child plays beside other children seldom interacting with playmates.
    Performance
The way or manner in which one acts, expresses oneself, or responds, given different situations and requirements.
    Perservation
It is continuing to repeat a behavior or response after it no longer appropriate; repetition of sounds, words, or actions.
    Postural Insecurity
It is the feeling of being unstable or insecure in one's body, especially in the trunk area.
    Pragmatics
It is the way a child uses language to communicate with and to affect others.
    Premature Infant
It is a baby born before 37 weeks gestation.
    Proprioception
The perception of sensation from the muscles and joints; proprioceptive input tells the brain when and how muscles are contracting or stretching and when and how joints are bending, extending, or being pulled or compressed; this information enables the brain to know where each part of the body is and how it is moving.
Q-
    Quiet Alert
The infant is strongly focused on a stimulus (often auditory or visual); bright, almost glazed look, though the focus of attention can change easily after a brief delay; minimal motor activity.
R-
    Reflective Practices
A style of practice that involves a commitment to increasing self-awareness and knowledge through reflection and question asking.
    Regulatory Disorders
They are reflected in difficulties in regulating behavioral, physiological, sensory, attentional, motor, or affective processess, and in organizing a calm, alert, or effectively positive state.
    Reliability
It is the consistency of a test; the more reliable the instrument, the more likely a person will receive the same score if tested again.
S-
    Screening
It is a process for separating from a group those children who need further evaluation.
    Self-Regulation
It is a complex developmental process involving the ability to achieve, monitor, and change state behavior to match the demands of the environment/situation.
    Sensorimotor
The combined sensory and motor aspects of activities and experiences; child takes in information through the senses (sensory) and acts upon it (motor).
    Sensory Defensiveness
It is a constellation of symptoms that result from adverse or defensive reactions to non-noxious stimuli across one or more sensory modalities; an over reaction of normal protective senses; individuals with sensory defensiveness have their own response styles; possible patterns of avoidance, sensory seeking fear, anxiety or even aggression.
    Sensory Input
The streams of neural impulses flowing from the sense receptors in the body to the spinal cord and brain.
    Sensory Integration
The ability of the brain to organize sensory information including vestibular, tactile, and proprioceptive; the parts of the nervous system work together so that a person can interact with the environment effectively and experience appropriate satisfaction.
    Sensory Processing
It refers to the nervous system's ability to take in and make sense of incoming sensory information.
    Serious Otitis Media
It is an acute or chronic ear condition in which fluid collects in the middle ear, causing inflammation; can lead to conductive hearing loss and serious damage to the inner ear if untreated.
    Small for Gestational Age (SGA)
It is a birth weight that is below the 10th percentile for gestational age, reflecting poor fetal growth.
    Solitary Play
It is when a child plays alone with toys that are different from those used by other children; the child is centered on self-activity.
    Standardization
It is the formal development of a test with written uniform procedures for administration, scoring and interpretation; standardized tests may be either norm-referenced or criterion-referenced.
    Suck/Swallow/Breathe Synchrony
The rhythmical, coordinated pattern of sucking, swallowing, and breathing that is present in all normal babies.
T-
    Tactile Defensiveness
It is a tendency to respond negatively to tactile/touch input; may result in avoiding touch from others, dislike of crowds, irritation when having hair washed or cut, avoidance of certain types of clothing, and many other similar reactions to touching or being touched.
    Tactile Hypersensitivity
It is increased sensitivity or over-reaction to tactile/touch input.
    Tactile Hyposensitivity
The decreased or under-reaction to tactile/touch input.
    Temperament
The basic foundation for a child's behavior, including activity level, and interactions with and reactions to people, places, and things; refers to the qualities of behavior including how a child acts and reacts to the world.
    Touchpoints
The key times in development identified by Brazelton as being important to discuss with caregivers.
    Transistions
The times of change or movement from one experience to another or one activity to another.
U-
   No terms available for this letter.
  
V-
    Validity
It is the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.
    Vestibular System
The sensory system located in the inner ear that is responsible for detecting movement and position in space; located in the inner ear.
    Visual Defensiveness
The over-sensitivity to visual input that results in distractibility and gaze avoidance.
    Vocal Play
It is the long strings of consonant-vowel syllables produced in self-imitation, such as ba-ba-ba-ba; appears at about 6 months of age.
W-
   No terms available for this letter.
  
X-
   No terms available for this letter.
  
Y-
   No terms available for this letter.
  
Z-
   No terms available for this letter.
  

 

   


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