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| A- |
| Action |
It is being in a state of motion with organized patterns of behavior.
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| Active Alert |
The considerable motor activity, including thrusting of the arms and legs; the baby often responds to stimuli with more movement; brief "fussy" periods may be noted.
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| Adaptive Behavior |
The effectiveness of the individual in adjusting to the natural and social demands of the environment; may be reflected in maturation, learning, or social development.
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| Adaptive Behavior Measure |
It is an instrument designed to assess acquisition of developmental and social skills including coping behaviors, sensory processing, motor control, psychological functions and social-emotional factors.
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| Adaptive Response |
It is an appropriate action in which the individual responds successfully to some environmental demand; adaptive responses further the sensory integrative process.
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| Affect |
The feeling, emotion, mood, and temperment associated with a thought.
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| Affective Monitoring |
The monitoring of experiences as pleasurable or not pleasurable.
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| Anticipatory Guidance |
It is an approach that emphasizes discussing with a caregiver the next step or phase or a child's development before it occurs.
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| Aspiration |
The entrance of material (e.g., food, saliva) into the trachea or airway below the level of the true vocal cords.
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| Assessment |
Is the identification of priorities, resources, and concerns of families regarding their infants/children abilities, behaviors or skills.
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| Assessment |
It is an ongoing process designed to collect information regarding a child's level of functioning, and define program outcomes and strategies.
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| B- |
| Babbling |
It is the repetition of phonemes, such as ba, ba, ba, da, da, etc.
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| Behavior Checklist |
It is an instrument designed to measure a child's basic behavioral characteristics including social and object orientation, participation, motivation, endurance, communication, consolability, activity, reactivity, goal directedness, frustration, attention span, responsiveness, and general tone.
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| C- |
| Cause-Effect |
It is a problem solving skill that reflects how things happen and understanding of how things work.
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| Clinical Opinion |
It is an informed opinion from a qualified and trained professional.
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| Communication |
It is any meands by which an individual relates experiences, ideas, knowledge, and feelings to another; includes speech, sign language, gestures, writing.
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| Constructive Play |
It is when a child learns the use of play materials and attempts to create something with them.
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| Contingent Interaction |
It is an adult response that is directly related to a child's behavior.
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| Cooperative Play |
It is when a child plays in an organized group that share a common goal; the efforts of one child are supplemented by the other children.
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| Coping |
The process of making adaptations in order to meet personal needs and respond to the demands of the environment.
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| Coping Style |
It is an individual's characteristic way of behaving in situations viewed as threatening or challenging to one's sense of well being.
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| Criterion-Referenced |
It is a type of test that measures a person's level of mastery in a particular skill area without comparing him/her to others.
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| Crying Alert |
It is when an infant is crying intensely; difficult to break through the crying with any stimulus.
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| D- |
| Deep Sleep |
It is when the baby is asleep and has a regular respiratory pattern; the eyes are closed with no eye movements; there is no spontaneous activity; though jerks or startles may be seen; responses to external stimuli are delayed.
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| Developmental Age |
The age at which at child is functioning (demonstrating specific abilities), based on assessment of the child's skills and comparison of those skills to the age at which they are considered typical.
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| Diagnosis |
It is process designed to confirm or disconfirm the existence of a problem and describe the nature of the problem.
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| Diagnostic Evaluation |
It is an in-depth process used by an interdisciplinary team used to detect a developmental problem, describe the level of functioning in all developmental areas, and to identify the type of problem (for example, mental retardation, autism, cerebral palsy) and (if possible) the cause.
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| Dramatic Play |
It is when a child engages in role-playing and pretends to be someone, or something else using real or imagined objects.
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| Drowsy or Semi-Dozing |
The eyes are open but dull and heavy-lidded or closed with eyelids fluttering; infant may look dazed and "unavailable"; activity level is variable, though movements are generally smooth with mild startles; frequent state changes can be seen with stimulation.
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| E- |
| Evaluation |
It is a process in which a variety of methods are used to determine if a child is eligible for services including determination of present levels of functioning in each developmental area.
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| F- |
| Failure to Thrive |
It is a condition characterized by low weight/slow weight gain that is below expectations set by the standard growth chart, caused by physical and/or psychosocial factors.
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| Functional Play |
It is when a child repeats or initiates actions; simple and repetitive muscular activities.
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| G- |
| Gesture |
The child's use of hands/body to express thought and intent prior to the consistent use of spoken language.
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| Goal-Directed Behavior |
It is an activity with purposeful, sequenced events in order to achieve a specific outcome.
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| Gravitational Insecurity |
It is an unusual degree of anxiety or fear in response to movement or change in head position, related to poor processing of vestibular and proprioceptive.
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| Group Play/Associative Play |
It is when a child plays with other children; they are all engaged in similar if not identical activity.
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| H- |
| Homeostasis |
It is a biological term that refers to a state of balance within a system.
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| I- |
No terms available for this letter.
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| J- |
| Jargon |
Strings of unintelligible speech sounds with the intonational pattern of adult speech.
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| Joint (Shared) Reference |
A process of differentiating or noting a particular object, action, or event for the purpose of communication.
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| Joint Attention |
A child or caregiver focused on the same object, toy, activity, etc. at the same time.
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| K- |
| Kinesthesia |
A muscle sense that provides body awareness of movement and body position in relation to one's environment.
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| L- |
| Language Comprehension |
The child's understanding of verbal language with and without linguistic cues.
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| Language Expression |
The child's use of nonverbal, preverbal and verbal behaviors to communicate with others to convey thoughts, feelings and ideas.
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| Learning Style |
The way in which an individual best acquires knowledge or processes information.
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| Level of Arousal |
A neurophysiological term used to describe the state of the human nervous system that occurs on a continuum from sleeping to awake; it incorporates both affective and physical components and is an important foundation for learning, performance and behavior.
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| Light Sleep |
The eyes are closed, though rapid eye movements may be noted beneath closed eyelids, and occasionally eye may open briefly; low-level motor activity present, with movements quite random; respirations frequently irregular and sucking movements may be seen.
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| M- |
| Means-End |
A problem solving skill; how a child uses an an action or "means" to achieve a goal or the "end".
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| Modulation |
The brain's regulation of its own activity; involves facilitating some neural messages to maximize a response and inhibiting other messages to reduce irrelevant activity.
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| Muscle Tone |
It is a muscle's level of tension while at rest or in reaction to movement; reflects the condition of the muscle and the nerves that supply it; can be high, low, normal or a combination of levels.
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| Mutual Co-Regulation |
The process that occurs during caregiver--child interactions in which each member both influences the experience and is influenced by the dynamics of the interaction, which in turn impacts self-regulation capacities.
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| Mutual Gaze |
It is eye contact with a communication partner, used to signal intensified attention.
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| N- |
| Norm-Referenced |
It is a type of test which compares a person's results with others of the same age to show his or her relative standing on the items tested.
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| O- |
| Object Permanence |
The concept that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.
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| Oral Defensiveness |
It is a unique pattern of avoidance of certain textures of food soft slimy foods, rough textures, etc. and irritation with activities using the mouth in general.
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| Otitis Media |
It is an inflammation of the middle ear usually caused by upper respiratory infections that can cause hearing loss if chronic.
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| P- |
| Parallel Play |
It is when the child plays beside other children seldom interacting with playmates.
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| Performance |
The way or manner in which one acts, expresses oneself, or responds, given different situations and requirements.
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| Perservation |
It is continuing to repeat a behavior or response after it no longer appropriate; repetition of sounds, words, or actions.
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| Postural Insecurity |
It is the feeling of being unstable or insecure in one's body, especially in the trunk area.
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| Pragmatics |
It is the way a child uses language to communicate with and to affect others.
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| Premature Infant |
It is a baby born before 37 weeks gestation.
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| Proprioception |
The perception of sensation from the muscles and joints; proprioceptive input tells the brain when and how muscles are contracting or stretching and when and how joints are bending, extending, or being pulled or compressed; this information enables the brain to know where each part of the body is and how it is moving.
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| Q- |
| Quiet Alert |
The infant is strongly focused on a stimulus (often auditory or visual); bright, almost glazed look, though the focus of attention can change easily after a brief delay; minimal motor activity.
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| R- |
| Reflective Practices |
A style of practice that involves a commitment to increasing self-awareness and knowledge through reflection and question asking.
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| Regulatory Disorders |
They are reflected in difficulties in regulating behavioral, physiological, sensory, attentional, motor, or affective processess, and in organizing a calm, alert, or effectively positive state.
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| Reliability |
It is the consistency of a test; the more reliable the instrument, the more likely a person will receive the same score if tested again.
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| S- |
| Screening |
It is a process for separating from a group those children who need further evaluation.
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| Self-Regulation |
It is a complex developmental process involving the ability to achieve, monitor, and change state behavior to match the demands of the environment/situation.
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| Sensorimotor |
The combined sensory and motor aspects of activities and experiences; child takes in information through the senses (sensory) and acts upon it (motor).
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| Sensory Defensiveness |
It is a constellation of symptoms that result from adverse or defensive reactions to non-noxious stimuli across one or more sensory modalities; an over reaction of normal protective senses; individuals with sensory defensiveness have their own response styles; possible patterns of avoidance, sensory seeking fear, anxiety or even aggression.
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| Sensory Input |
The streams of neural impulses flowing from the sense receptors in the body to the spinal cord and brain.
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| Sensory Integration |
The ability of the brain to organize sensory information including vestibular, tactile, and proprioceptive; the parts of the nervous system work together so that a person can interact with the environment effectively and experience appropriate satisfaction.
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| Sensory Processing |
It refers to the nervous system's ability to take in and make sense of incoming sensory information.
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| Serious Otitis Media |
It is an acute or chronic ear condition in which fluid collects in the middle ear, causing inflammation; can lead to conductive hearing loss and serious damage to the inner ear if untreated.
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| Small for Gestational Age (SGA) |
It is a birth weight that is below the 10th percentile for gestational age, reflecting poor fetal growth.
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| Solitary Play |
It is when a child plays alone with toys that are different from those used by other children; the child is centered on self-activity.
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| Standardization |
It is the formal development of a test with written uniform procedures for administration, scoring and interpretation; standardized tests may be either norm-referenced or criterion-referenced.
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| Suck/Swallow/Breathe Synchrony |
The rhythmical, coordinated pattern of sucking, swallowing, and breathing that is present in all normal babies.
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| T- |
| Tactile Defensiveness |
It is a tendency to respond negatively to tactile/touch input; may result in avoiding touch from others, dislike of crowds, irritation when having hair washed or cut, avoidance of certain types of clothing, and many other similar reactions to touching or being touched.
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| Tactile Hypersensitivity |
It is increased sensitivity or over-reaction to tactile/touch input.
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| Tactile Hyposensitivity |
The decreased or under-reaction to tactile/touch input.
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| Temperament |
The basic foundation for a child's behavior, including activity level, and interactions with and reactions to people, places, and things; refers to the qualities of behavior including how a child acts and reacts to the world.
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| Touchpoints |
The key times in development identified by Brazelton as being important to discuss with caregivers.
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| Transistions |
The times of change or movement from one experience to another or one activity to another.
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| U- |
No terms available for this letter.
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| V- |
| Validity |
It is the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.
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| Vestibular System |
The sensory system located in the inner ear that is responsible for detecting movement and position in space; located in the inner ear.
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| Visual Defensiveness |
The over-sensitivity to visual input that results in distractibility and gaze avoidance.
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| Vocal Play |
It is the long strings of consonant-vowel syllables produced in self-imitation, such as ba-ba-ba-ba; appears at about 6 months of age.
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| W- |
No terms available for this letter.
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| X- |
No terms available for this letter.
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| Y- |
No terms available for this letter.
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| Z- |
No terms available for this letter.
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